Why Is My Dog Shaking And Not Eating?

When your dog is shaking and refusing to eat, it’s a clear sign something is wrong. Shaking in dogs can be caused by pain, fear, excitement, cold, illness, or neurological issues, while a loss of appetite, also known as canine anorexia, can stem from digestive problems, stress, pain, or underlying medical conditions. It’s important to investigate these symptoms promptly, as they can indicate a range of dog medical conditions, from mild discomfort to serious illness.

This comprehensive guide will help you decipher why your beloved canine companion might be exhibiting these concerning signs. We will explore various causes, from common ailments to more complex health concerns, and what steps you can take to help your dog.

Fathoming the Causes of Shaking and Lack of Appetite

A dog shaking and not eating is a red flag that requires attention. These symptoms, often appearing together, can point to a variety of underlying issues. Let’s break down the potential reasons.

Physical Ailments and Discomfort

Many physical ailments can manifest as shaking and a loss of appetite dog. Pain is a primary driver for both.

Pain as a Trigger

If your dog is in pain, they might tremble involuntarily. This trembling can be subtle or pronounced. When a dog is experiencing pain, their focus shifts away from food.

Common sources of pain include:

Injuries: Sprains, fractures, bruises, or even minor cuts can cause discomfort.
Arthritis: Degenerative joint disease is common in older dogs and can lead to chronic pain, making movement and eating difficult.
Dental Problems: Toothaches, gum infections, or broken teeth can make chewing agonizing, leading to a loss of appetite.
Internal Injuries: Trauma or internal bleeding can cause significant pain and a general feeling of unwellness.

Digestive Disturbances

The gastrointestinal system plays a huge role in appetite. If it’s upset, eating becomes unappealing, and the discomfort can lead to shaking.

Gastroenteritis: This inflammation of the stomach and intestines can be caused by infections, dietary indiscretion, or toxins. Symptoms often include dog vomiting and dog diarrhea, which lead to dehydration and a lack of appetite.
Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas is a serious condition that causes severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and a complete loss of appetite.
Obstructions: Ingesting foreign objects can block the digestive tract, causing pain, vomiting, and an inability to keep food down.
Food Sensitivities or Allergies: While less likely to cause immediate shaking, chronic sensitivity can lead to discomfort, reduced appetite, and other digestive issues.

Infections and Illnesses

A wide range of infections and illnesses can make a dog feel weak, nauseous, and generally unwell, leading to both shaking and a loss of appetite.

Viral Infections: Diseases like distemper or parvovirus can cause severe symptoms, including shaking, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia.
Bacterial Infections: Various bacterial infections can affect different organ systems, leading to fever, pain, and a reduced desire to eat.
Parasitic Infections: Internal parasites, such as worms, can cause malnutrition, discomfort, and digestive upset, impacting appetite.
Kidney or Liver Disease: These chronic conditions can lead to a buildup of toxins in the body, causing nausea, weakness, and a loss of appetite.
Heart Conditions: Advanced heart disease can lead to weakness, fatigue, and reduced blood flow, potentially causing a dog to feel unwell enough to not eat.

Neurological Issues

When a dog’s nervous system is affected, tremors and behavioral changes are common.

Seizures: Some types of seizures can manifest as generalized tremors or shaking. During or after a seizure, a dog might be disoriented and unwilling to eat.
Neurological Disorders: Conditions like canine distemper, rabies, or inflammatory brain diseases can cause tremors, incoordination, and a general lack of interest in food.
Toxicity: Ingesting certain toxins, such as antifreeze, certain plants, or even some human medications, can cause neurological signs like shaking and gastrointestinal upset.

Other Physical Causes

Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): This is particularly common in puppies and small breeds. Low blood sugar can cause weakness, tremors, and a lack of appetite.
Hypocalcemia (Low Calcium): This can lead to muscle tremors and weakness, especially in nursing mothers.
Anemia: A low red blood cell count can make a dog feel weak and lethargic, impacting their desire to eat.
Fever: When a dog has a fever, they often feel generally unwell and may lose their appetite.

Emotional and Behavioral Factors

While physical ailments are primary concerns, emotional and behavioral factors can also contribute to shaking and a loss of appetite in dogs.

Anxiety and Fear

Dog anxiety symptoms can include trembling, panting, drooling, and a reluctance to eat.

Separation Anxiety: Dogs with separation anxiety may shake and refuse food when left alone.
Phobias: Loud noises (fireworks, thunderstorms), new environments, or specific objects can trigger fear and anxiety, leading to trembling and loss of appetite.
Stress: Changes in routine, the arrival of a new pet or family member, or boarding can all be stressful for dogs, manifesting as shaking and a decreased interest in food.

Excitement and Overstimulation

While less concerning, intense excitement can also cause a dog to tremble. This is usually accompanied by other signs of high arousal and might lead to a temporary loss of focus on food.

Behavioral Changes and Stressors

Beyond overt anxiety, subtle dog behavioral changes can indicate underlying stress that affects appetite.

Environmental Changes: Moving to a new home, changes in the household, or even rearranged furniture can unsettle a dog.
Dietary Changes: A sudden switch in food, or being fed something unappealing, can lead to a loss of appetite.
Behavioral Issues: In some cases, a dog might be exhibiting learned behaviors or seeking attention, though this is less common for combined shaking and anorexia.

Deciphering the Symptoms: What to Look For

When your dog is shaking and not eating, observe them closely for other sick dog symptoms. This detailed observation will be invaluable when you speak with your veterinarian.

Associated Symptoms

Beyond shaking and loss of appetite dog, pay attention to these:

Lethargy: Is your dog unusually tired, sluggish, and uninterested in playing or walks? This dog lethargy is a common sign of illness.
Vomiting: Is your dog throwing up? Note the frequency, color, and consistency of the vomit.
Diarrhea: Is your dog experiencing loose or watery stools? Observe the color, presence of blood, or mucus.
Changes in Urination: Is your dog drinking more or less? Are they having accidents in the house?
Breathing Difficulties: Are they panting excessively, coughing, or having trouble breathing?
Changes in Behavior: Are they hiding, more clingy, aggressive, or showing signs of pain when touched?
Drooling or Excessive Salivation: This can be a sign of nausea or ingestion of something unpleasant.
Eye Discharge or Redness: This could indicate an infection.
Loss of Coordination or Weakness: Difficulty walking or standing can point to neurological issues.

Interpreting the Shaking

The nature of the shaking can provide clues:

Whole Body Tremors: Often associated with systemic illness, pain, or neurological issues.
Head Shaking: Could indicate ear infections, dental problems, or neurological conditions affecting the head.
Leg Tremors: May suggest weakness, pain in the limbs, or nerve issues.
Shivering: Can be due to being cold, but also a symptom of fever or internal distress.

Interpreting the Loss of Appetite

When your dog isn’t eating, consider:

Complete Anorexia: Refusing all food, even favorite treats.
Picky Eating: Eating only a very small amount or only specific palatable items.
Dropping Food: Unable to hold or swallow food due to mouth pain or nausea.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

It is crucial to contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog is shaking and not eating, especially if accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

Emergency Situations

Certain situations warrant immediate veterinary attention:

Severe Lethargy or Collapse: If your dog is unresponsive or extremely weak.
Difficulty Breathing: Any signs of respiratory distress are an emergency.
Suspected Toxin Ingestion: If you believe your dog has eaten something poisonous.
Severe Vomiting or Diarrhea: Especially if there is blood present or if your dog is showing signs of dehydration.
Suspected Foreign Body Obstruction: If your dog has a history of eating non-food items.

Non-Emergency but Urgent Situations

Even if symptoms are not immediately life-threatening, you should call your vet promptly:

Shaking and Anorexia Lasting More Than 24 Hours: Especially in puppies, senior dogs, or dogs with pre-existing health conditions.
Vomiting or Diarrhea Present: Even if mild, these symptoms can quickly lead to dehydration.
Signs of Pain: Whining, yelping, reluctance to move, or guarding a specific body part.
Any Significant Behavioral Change: Beyond mild anxiety.

Diagnostic Approaches by Your Veterinarian

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough examination to diagnose the cause of your dog’s shaking and anorexia.

Physical Examination

The vet will:

Assess Vital Signs: Temperature, pulse, respiration rate.
Perform a Palpation: Gently feel your dog’s abdomen, joints, and muscles for signs of pain or swelling.
Examine Mouth and Teeth: To check for dental issues.
Listen to Heart and Lungs: To detect any abnormalities.
Check for Neurological Deficits: Assessing reflexes, balance, and coordination.

Diagnostic Tests

Based on the initial findings, your vet may recommend various tests:

Test Type	Purpose
Blood Work (CBC & Chemistry)	Checks for infection, inflammation, organ function (kidneys, liver), blood cell counts, electrolytes.
Urinalysis	Assesses kidney function, checks for infection, and other metabolic issues.
Fecal Exam	Detects intestinal parasites.
X-rays (Radiographs)	Visualizes bones, organs, and can help identify foreign bodies or masses.
Ultrasound	Provides detailed images of internal organs and soft tissues.
X-ray of Chest	Checks for heart or lung abnormalities.
Biopsy	If a mass is found, a tissue sample may be taken for analysis.
Neurological Exam	Detailed assessment of the nervous system if neurological causes are suspected.
Toxin Screening	If poisoning is suspected.

Treatment Strategies for Shaking and Anorexia

Treatment will be tailored to the underlying cause.

Supportive Care

Regardless of the specific diagnosis, supportive care is vital.

Fluid Therapy: Intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous fluids help combat dehydration, especially if vomiting or diarrhea is present.
Pain Management: Analgesics will be prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort, which can also help reduce shaking.
Anti-Nausea Medications: To help settle the stomach and reduce vomiting.
Nutritional Support: If appetite doesn’t return, a veterinarian might recommend a highly palatable, easily digestible diet or even syringe feeding if necessary.

Specific Treatments

Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
Antivirals: For specific viral infections (less common).
Dewormers: To treat parasitic infections.
Surgery: To remove intestinal obstructions or tumors.
Dietary Management: For food allergies or sensitivities.
Medications for Organ Disease: To manage kidney or liver disease.
Behavioral Modification and Medication: For anxiety or stress-related issues.

Preventing Future Episodes

While not all causes are preventable, some proactive steps can help maintain your dog’s health.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Annual or semi-annual vet visits are essential for early detection of potential health problems.

Balanced Diet

Provide a high-quality, age-appropriate diet. Avoid sudden changes in food.

Safe Environment

Keep your home and yard free of potential toxins, choking hazards, and sharp objects.

Mental and Physical Stimulation

Ensure your dog gets enough exercise and mental engagement to prevent boredom and anxiety.

Gradual Introductions

When introducing new pets, people, or significant environmental changes, do so gradually to minimize stress.

Managing Anxiety

If your dog suffers from anxiety, work with your vet or a professional trainer on management strategies.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can my dog be shaking from fear but still eat?
A1: Yes, a dog can shake from fear or anxiety and still have an appetite. However, if the fear is severe or prolonged, it can lead to a loss of appetite.

Q2: What if my dog is just shaking a little and not eating?
A2: Even mild symptoms should not be ignored. It’s best to observe your dog for any other changes and consult your veterinarian if the symptoms persist or worsen. A slight tremor could be an early sign of an underlying issue.

Q3: Is it safe to give my dog human medication if they are shaking?
A3: Absolutely not. Never give your dog human medication without explicit instructions from your veterinarian. Many human medications are toxic to dogs, even in small doses.

Q4: My dog ate something they shouldn’t have and is now shaking and won’t eat. What should I do?
A4: This is a veterinary emergency. Contact your vet or an emergency animal hospital immediately. Provide them with as much information as possible about what your dog may have ingested.

Q5: Can stress cause a dog to shake and stop eating?
A5: Yes, significant stress or anxiety can definitely cause dog behavioral changes, including shaking and a loss of appetite, as the body’s stress response can affect digestive function and general well-being.

When your dog displays symptoms like shaking and a loss of appetite, it’s a signal that they need your care and attention. By being observant, knowing what to look for, and seeking timely veterinary advice, you can help your furry friend get back to their healthy, happy selves.